Luminous flux, luminous flux, is the power of visible light that can be felt by the human eye. The unit is lumen, symbol lm.
Luminous intensity, luminous intensity, is the luminous flux emitted by a light source in a given direction and per unit solid angle. The unit is candela, symbol cd.
Illuminance (to distinguish irradiance, also called illuminance), illuminance, is the luminous flux received per unit area. The unit is lux, symbol lx.
Brightness (to distinguish radiance, also called luminance), luminance, is the luminous flux emitted per unit surface area and per unit solid angle by the orthographic projection of visible light on a plane perpendicular to its light transmission direction. The unit is candela per square meter, symbol cd/m^2, formerly called nit, synonymous. There is also Xiti, which changes square meters to square centimeters, a 10,000-fold relationship.
Lambert, lambert, named after Lambert himself, 10,000 times candela per square meter divided by π, symbol L. It is 10,000 times greater than the above luminance (that is, π). The extra π is for the convenience of calculation in some occasions. In essence, it is still brightness. The metric meter in the unit was later replaced by the imperial unit of feet, so there was the "foot-lambert" unit, with the symbol written as fl or ft-L. Convert metric meters to feet and then divide by π, and finally 1ft-L is about 3.43 times cd/m^2, and 1L is about 929 times ft-L. Although it is rarely used in projection, foot-lambert is often used in scenes where imperial units are used, such as exhibition halls and theaters.